AI-Enhanced Visual-Spectral Synergy for Fast and Ultrasensitive Biodetection of Breast Cancer-Related miRNAs.

In biomedical testing, artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced analysis has gradually been applied to the diagnosis of certain diseases. This research employs AI algorithms to refine the precision of integrative detection, encompassing both visual results and fluorescence spectra from lateral flow assays (LFAs), which signal the presence of cancer-linked miRNAs. Specifically, the color shift of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is paired with the red fluorescence from nitrogen vacancy color centers (NV-centers) in fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) and is integrated into LFA strips. While GNPs amplify the fluorescence of FNDs, in turn, FNDs enhance the color intensity of GNPs. This reciprocal intensification of fluorescence and color can be synergistically augmented with AI algorithms, thereby improving the detection sensitivity for early diagnosis. Supported by the detection platform based on this strategy, the fastest detection results with a limit of detection (LOD) at the fM level and the R2 value of ∼0.9916 for miRNA can be obtained within 5 min. Meanwhile, by labeling the capture probes for miRNA-21 and miRNA-96 (both of which are early indicators of breast cancer) on separate T-lines, simultaneous detection of them can be achieved. The miRNA detection methods employed in this study may potentially be applied in the future for the early detection of breast cancer.

Multilayer Ultrathin MXene@AgNW@MoS2 Composite Film for High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Shielding.

Structure and material composition is crucial in realizing high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE). Herein, an ultrathin MXene@AgNW@MoS2 (MAM) composite film that resembles the structure of a pork belly and exhibits superior EMI shielding performance was fabricated via the vacuum-assisted suction filtration process and atomic layer deposition (ALD). The staggered AgNWs form skeletons and intersperse in MXene sheets to build a doped layer with three-dimensional network structures, which improves the electrical conductivity of the film. Based on the optimal dispersion concentration of Ag in doped and single layers, the MXene/AgNW doped layer and AgNW single layer are alternately vacuum-assisted-filtered to obtain laminated structures with multiple heterogeneous interfaces. These interfaces generate interface polarization and increase multiple reflection and scattering, resulting in the increased electromagnetic (EM) wave losses. On the other hand, MoS2 outer nanolayers fabricated precisely by ALD effectively increases the absorption proportion of electromagnetic waves, reduces the secondary reflection, and improves the stability of EMI shielding properties. Ultimately, an ultrathin MAM film (a thickness of 0.03 mm) with five alternating internal layers and MoS2 outer layers exhibits an excellent EMI SE of 86.3 dB in the X-band.

Pt Atom on the Wall of Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)-Made MoS2 Nanotubes for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) can achieve excellent catalytic efficiency at ultralow catalyst consumptions. Herein, platinum (Pt) atoms are fixed on the wall of atomic layer deposition (ALD)-made molybdenum disulfide nanotube arrays (MoS2 -NTA) for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). More concretely, MoS2 -NTA with different nanotube diameters and wall thicknesses are fabricated by a sacrificial strategy of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template via ALD; then Pt atoms are fixed on the wall of Ti3 C2 -supported MoS2 -NTA as a catalytic system. The MoS2 -NTA/Ti3 C2 decorated with 0.13 wt.% of Pt results in a low overpotential of 32 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm-2 , which is superior to 20 wt.% commercial Pt/C (41 mV). Ordered MoS2 -NTA instead of 2D MoS2 prevents Pt atoms from aggregating and then exerts catalytic activities. The density functional theory calculations suggest that the Pt atoms are more likely to occupy the sites on the tubular MoS2 than the planar MoS2 , and the Pt atoms accumulated at the Mo site of MoS2 -NT have a moderate Gibbs free energy (close to zero).

Ultrathin Quasibinary Heterojunctioned ReS2/MoS2 Film with Controlled Adhesion from a Bimetallic Co-Feeding Atomic Layer Deposition.

Heterojunctioned transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) films with regulatable interface adhesion have shown broad application prospects in the design of advanced materials and the manufacturing of novel functional devices. To date, the controlled fabrication of TMD heterojunctions or heterojunction-rich films with tailorable thickness and composition has proved challenging. Herein, a bimetallic co-feeding atomic layer deposition (ALD) system was developed capable of fulfilling these requirements. In the co-feeding ALD fabrication, by adjusting the Re/Mo ratio, 3-layered quasibinary heterojunctioned ReS2/MoS2 films with adjustable composition and grain size were prepared. Moreover, the measurements between atomic force microscopy Si tip coated with the ReS2/MoS2 films and films on the substrate indicate that the adhesion force can be regulated from 13.5 to 136.3 nN. Further experimental data and theoretical analysis show that the adhesion force between the coated tip and films possesses a positive correlation with the "tip-film unanimity" in composition.

MoS2-ReS2 Heterojunctions from a Bimetallic Co-chamber Feeding Atomic Layer Deposition for Ultrasensitive MiRNA-21 Detection.

Rhenium disulfide (ReS2), which possessed a unique direct band gap from the bulk to monolayer, played a very important role in establishing optoelectronic devices, while the rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs might hinder its further applications. Therefore, to improve its photocurrent performance, a bimetallic co-chamber feeding atomic layer deposition (ALD) with a precise dose regulation strategy was used to fabricate MoS2-ReS2 heterojunctions with a controllable Mo-to-Re ratio in this work. Furthermore, because of the controlled addition of Mo atoms, the electron-transfer capacity, carrier mobility, and photocurrent response of these heterojunctions were significantly improved among which the sample obtained under 100 supercycles (one supercycle for this sample consists of the following in turn: one ReCl5 pulse, one H2S pulse, one ReCl5 pulse, one MoCl5 pulse, and one H2S pulse; the real Mo-to-Re ratio Rr = 57.9%) exhibited the best photocurrent response. Due to the significant improvement in optoelectronic performance, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor with the basis of the above optimized sample could achieve the ultrasensitive detection of cancer-related miRNA-21 ranging from 10 aM to 1 nM with a low detection limit of 2.8 aM.

A Novel Biosensor Based on Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2 ) Modified Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Nanochannels for Ultrasensitive microRNA-155 Detection.

Artificial photoresponsive nanochannels have attracted widespread attention because of their capacity to achieve ion transport through light modulation. Herein, a biosensor for ultrasensitive miRNA-155 detection is devised based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) modified porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) photoresponsive nanochannels by atomic layer deposition (ALD). According to the optimized experimental results, when the cycles of ALD, the wavelength, and the power of the excitation laser are 70 cycles, 450 nm, and 80 mW, respectively, the most supreme photocurrent performance of these photoresponsive nanochannels are obtained. AAO nanochannels modified with MoS2 can work as a photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor by generating photoexcitation current; what is more, the high channel density in AAO can magnify the ion current signal response effectively by aggrandizing the flux of electroactive species. By using AAO photoresponsive nanochannels with an average diameter of 150 nm as PEC biosensor, an ultrasensitive detection record ranging from 0.01 fM to 0.01 nM with a detection limit of 3 aM can be achieved. This work not only proposes a simple method for manufacturing semiconductor photoresponsive nanochannels, but also exhibits great potential in the ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules.

CuS@defect-rich MoS2 core-shell structure for enhanced hydrogen evolution.

The catalytic activity of MoS2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is closely-related to its active edge sites and electrical conductivity. In this work, a novel strategy to enhance HER by introducing defects into interface to take advantage of synergistic effect between them was reported. Specifically, in the first step, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with additional active edge sites was prepared through defect engineering, and then copper sulphide(CuS)@defect-rich MoS2 core-shell structure with better electron transport capability was constructed, thus achieving high-efficiency HER by synergistic effect. Benefiting from the additional active edge sites of the defect-rich MoS2 and the improved charge transport facilitated by the intimate interface, CuS@defect-rich MoS2 could afford a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 at a low overpotential of 135 mV and a Tafel slope of 50 mV·dec-1, as well as relatively long-term stability.

Synergistic lubrication of a porous MoS2-POSS nanohybrid.

A porous MoS2-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanohybrid was prepared from octavinyl-POSS nanoparticles and MoS2 nanosheets for the first time, the structure and composition of which were confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectra (EDS) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). As a comparison, MoS2 nanosheets, octavinyl-POSS and MoS2-POSS nanohybrid were used as lubricating additives for liquid paraffin (LP), which decreased the friction coefficients of LP by 7.8% (MoS2), 14.1% (octavinyl-POSS), and 18.8% (MoS2-POSS). Compared with MoS2 and octavinyl-POSS, the MoS2-POSS nanohybrid can be dispersed in organic solvents more homogeneously without adscititious dispersants or surfactants due to its better organic compatibilities. SEM and EDS analyses indicate that a synergistic frictional effect is responsible for the improved friction-reduction and anti-wear behavior.

Ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-155 based on controlled fabrication of AuNPs@MoS2 nanostructures by atomic layer deposition.

MicroRNA-155 (miRNA-155) is a typical cancer-related biomarker, which often exists at ultralow concentrations in the plasma or body fluids of early patients. In this work, a novel label-free platform for ultrasensitive miRNA-155 detection was designed based on the precise fabrication of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Au nanoparticles (AuNPs)@MoS2 nanostructures were the core parts for the detection electrode, and the measurement precision of the sensing platform was modulated and optimized by ALD-based thickness and shape control of ultrathin MoS2 nanoflakes (thickness: ~14 nm, about 20 layers, uniform continuous distribution). In the detection experiment, MoS2 nanoflakes served as a conductive skeleton to support more AuNPs, and the results showed that the effective control of their morphology and thickness was of vital importance for ultrasensitive acquisition of detection signals. With using toluidine blue (TB) as a hybridization indicator, ultrasensitive detection record ranging from 1 fM to 10 nM with a detection limit of 0.32 fM can be achieved.

A novel label-free strategy for the ultrasensitive miRNA-182 detection based on MoS2/Ti3C2 nanohybrids.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regarded as a large variety of cancer-related biomarkers, and they have attracted wide attentions in recent years. In this work, a novel label-free strategy for the ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-182 (a typical biomarker for lung cancer) based on MoS2/Ti3C2 nanohybrids was suggested. Firstly, modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with massive active sites and good electronic conductivity was prepared for biosensing. Then, based on this platform a descent signal in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) peak current could be observed with the addition of probe RNA with negative charge. Thereafter, with the hybridization of target miRNA-182 with immobilized probe RNA and the swelling-induced breakage of Au-S bonds between RNA and the electrode surface, the characteristic DPV signals increase were found. In particular, this biosensing platform for special miRNAs possessed a good linear detection window in a range from 1 fM to 0.1 nM with a detection limit of 0.43 fM.

Enhanced Lubrication and Photocatalytic Degradation of Liquid Paraffin by Hollow MoS2 Microspheres.

Nowadays, with the rapid development of environmental protection awareness, the demand for the emergence of a green counterpart of lubricant additive plays a more and more important role in reducing friction and wear as the times require. In this paper, full-hollow and semihollow molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) microspheres were prepared via a hydrothermal method and were characterized and confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to our results, both fully hollow and semihollow MoS2 microspheres possessed excellent lubrication-enhancing effects for liquid paraffin (LP), while full-hollow samples after friction provided better photocatalytic degradation properties than semihollow samples after friction. Related analysis indicated that curved layer opened structures with more rim and edge sites, bigger surface area, and narrower band gap made full-hollow MoS2 samples achieve a better photocatalytic level. Thus, it was a sustainable solution for both lubrication-enhancing and photocatalytic degradation functions during different stages of the usage of lubricating oils, which suggests a potential strategy for achieving environmentally friendly developments.